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2 Sheets-Sheet 1,

Patented 1390.19-, 1882.

ATTORNEYS.

INVENTOR @ufff/M W. S. PARKER.

ELECTRIC AEG LAME.

N. PETERS. PhamLuhap-.pnm wnhmgm D. c

(No Model.)

ENQ J (No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. W. s. PARKER.

ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

No. 269,453. Patented Dec. 19, 1882.

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TTORNHYS;

N, PETERS, Phnwhnwgnphof, vla-hingen. D. C.

WILLIAM S. PARKER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 269,453, dated December19, 1882. Application filed June 5, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM S. PARKER, of New York city, New York, haveinvented a newandusefulImprovementinElectricLamps; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ot'the same', reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming partof this specification.

Myinvention relates to the class ot' electricarc lamps in which theupper or positive carbon is controlled by a clutch actuated by one ormore electromagnets.

In all ordinary electric lamps in which the separation ot' the carbonsto form or regulate an electric arc is effected by the movement of anarmature attracted by an electro-magnet the initial movement of thearmature is necessarily slow and the further movement rapidlyaccelerated, owing to the well-known law governing the action ofmagnets-that is, that the attractive power 4of a magnet is inversely asthe square ofthe distance. The separation of the carbons by theattraction of a magnet Vin this class of lamps is, under allcircumstances, secured by a variable force which is strongest when thearc attains its extreme length, owing to the forward movement ot' thearmature in a magnetic field of rapidly-increasing strength. Inconsequence of the peculiar action of these magnets when the carbonsseparate to form the arc, or when they are moved in the operation offeeding, the variations in the arc are extreme, and as aresult there isa great fluctuation in the light, as well as avariationinits color. Toobviate all these diiculties, I employ one or more magnets in which Iuse the repellant force instead of the attractive force. By this means Isecure ei'- fects the reverse of those above describedthat is, I securea quick separation of the carbons and a slower and less markedelongation of the arc by placing a polarized armature or core in amagnetic field 0f the same polarity, so that like poles are inopposition to each other. In this way the core or armature of theregulating-magnetis in the strongest magnetic eld when it makes itsinitial movement, and is quickly and forcibly repelled when the currentis strengthened by the approach or contact of the carbon, therebyraising` the upper carbon very quickly, so as to instantly form the arc.This separation of the carbons diminishes the current, so that therepellant action of the regulating-magnet is rapidly weakened and theupward movement ofthe carbon ceases before the arc is sutiicientlyextended to yield a violet color or to diminish thelight. Therepelling-magnet, acting thus rapidly to form or lengthen the are,renders the slight changes necessaryto the feeding of the carbonunnoticeable and inappreciable, thelnovements of the upper carbon beingpractically instantaneous. In my improved electric lamp I may employ asingle electro-magnet to control the upper carbon; or I may use twoelectro-magnets acting diierentially, one oi" them being wound withcoarse wire and the other with tine wire, the former being included inthe arc-circuit and the latter in a derived or branch circuit. The coresofthe magnets are adapted to slide vertically, and arejointed toopposite ends ot' a vibrating lever. When the current becomes toostrong` by reason of the approximation of the carbons the magnetism ot'the soft-iron bobbin ot' the magnet in the main circuit is increased, sothat said bobbin and its core become polarized in the same direction,and the core, being free to move, is consequently repelled out of thebobbin, and in such movement it acts on a clutch device and raises theupper-carbon rod, thus separating the carbons and lengthening the arc.

The details of construction and operation areas hereinafter described.

Figure lis a horizontal section of a lamp embodying myinvention. Fig.2is a vertical section of a lamp with two regulating-niagnets, and Fig isa vertical section of a lamp with a single regulating-magnet.

The lamp trame or case may be of any suit.

able form. On the plate A are fixed the dilferential magnets B C, thelatter being the shunt-magnet. Both magnets are oi' the axial type, andare wound on tubular sott-iron bob-v bins containing the hollowsoft-iron cores b c, respectively. These cores are suspended by jointedlinks i t' from opposite ends of a lever, el, suspended on a support, c,above the magnets.

D is the carbon-holder, and E is the clutch, hung at only one end by alink,j', from the lever cl above the lifting-magnet'B. The clutch ismade in two pieces, each forked at one end, the forked ends beingconnected by knucklea joints g, forming a jointed clutch, through whichthe carbon-holding rod D passes.

In the outer end of the clutch-bar a setscrew, h, is fitted to bear onthe magnet C, so as to support the barat that end.

The end of the lever d, supporting the core c of the shunt-magnet C, isconnected to a spring, which tends to draw that end ofthe lever down andassist the rise of the lifting-core b. rEhe two cores, being suspended'from opposite ends ot' the lever, are both simultaneously moved byincrease or decrease ot' magnetism in either magnet, and the combinationforms a differential balance.

provide for regulating the normal position of the core oftheliftingmagnet B by fitting in the lower end ot' that magnet apole-block, k, made as a screw-plug, that can bc set in and out of themagnet.

The action ot' the core, lever, and clutch mechanism is due to therepulsive action ot' the cores and surrounding bobbins in this wise:XVhen the currentbecomes too strongby reason of contact of the carbonsor shortness of the arc the magnetism of the coil B is increased and theiron bobbin and core become polarized in the same direction, which, upona well-understood principle,l results in the expulsion or upwardmovement ot' the core b. -This action ofthe latter tilts the lever d,thus causing` the clutch-lever E to grip the carbon-holdin g rod D andraise it, so that the carbons will be separated and the arc elongated,as required, and when sue-h separation ot' the carbons has increased theresistance to the passage ot' the current to asufcient degree the branchcirv cuit polarizesthe iron bobbin of the shuntmagnet C throughout itswhole length, so that both ends repel the adjacent ends of the iron corec, thereby moving the lever d back to its original position, whichcauses a release ofthe clutch g and allows the carbon rod D to drop farenough to reduce the resistance of the arc to its normal condition.

In some cases I disconnect the shunt-inagnet from the circuit ordispense with it altogether, as in Fig.3. Vith this arrangement themain-circuit magnet B alone is employed,

its repellant force lifting the carbon-holder as the current increases,the diminution ot' the repellent force permitting the carbon-holder todescend of its own gravity, In some cases l may employ the core c orweight c as a counter-balance to oppose the weight ot' the carbon rod D.

The repelling-magnet is peculiary adapted to the control of the electricarc, readily releasing the carbon-holderin case ofthe weakening orinterruption of the current, so as to allow the upper carbon to approachor touch the lower one. It gives a very quick initial separatingmovement to the upper carbon, so as to form the arc in an inappreciablespace of time, and at the same time prevents an undue separation ofthecarbons by a rapid diminution of the movement ot' the carbon and a finalstop at the maximum length of are.

' What I claim as new is 1. In an electric lamp, the combination, withthe carbon-holder, of one or more repelling electro-magnets and suitableconnecting mechanism, substantially as herein shown and described,whereby the carbon will be moved and governed by the repellant action ofthe magnet or magnets, as set forth.

2. The combination of the magnets B G, formed of soft-iron bobbins,wound respectively with coarse and tine wire, and included in the mainand branch circuit, as specified, the soft-iron cores b c, vibratinglever d, a clutch device, and the carbon-holding rod D, all as shown anddescribed, whereby increase ot magnetism of coil B causes the core b andits surrounding bobbin to become polarized in the same direction, sothat said core is repelled.

3. rI he combination, with electro-magnet B and its core b, adapted tomove freely, of the adjustable stop piece or block 7c, inserted in thelower end of said magnet, as shown and described.

WILLAM S. PARKER..

Witnesses C. SEDGWICK, Guo. D. WALKER.

